ABSTRACT
Background: Lockdown measures are being implemented in several parts of the world to control the spread of novel coronavirus. This unprecedented crisis has significantly affected the lives of people in different ways. Aim: To understand the experiences and vulnerability to mental health problems during lockdown among the Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey form circulated through various social media platforms from April 12 to May 3, 2020 containing self-reported questionnaires to collect lockdown related experiences and scales to assess anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). A convenience sampling method was used. Results: 442 valid responses were received from different states of India. Statistical analysis revealed that one-third of the respondents suffered from some form of anxiety and depression during a lockdown. Less than 10% of them had severe levels of symptoms. The majority were males aged 18-45 years and private sector employees. Delivering essential services was involved with significant anxiety and depression. Availability of food and daily essentials was the most common problem. Difficulty in availing medicines and financial crisis were significant predictors of anxiety and depression. Worsening of interpersonal relationships was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The study concluded that experiences during the lockdown and associated psychological outcomes are important factors to consider and appropriate preventive measures to be taken in case of any future lockdowns.
ABSTRACT
Both iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidaemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especially in the Indian population. Some link has been suggested between the two potentially morbid conditions but a sufficient Indian study could not be found in this regard. Methods: This study was planned to find the changes in serum lipid profile in adult Indian patients with iron deficiency anemia and the effect of oral iron therapy on them. 100 iron deficiency anemia and 70 age and sex matched healthy controls, in the age group 18-35 years were investigated for any possible changes in serum lipid profile i.e., triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The patients were followed up after 3 months of oral iron therapy. Results: The results are shown as mean± standard deviation. Triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found to be significantly (P <0.001) elevated in the iron deficiency anemia group (151.87 ± 48.06 mg/dl and 30.40 ± 9.71 mg/dl) as compared to controls (109.99 ± 30.81 mg/dl and 21.96 ± 6.69 mg/dl), whereas level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be significantly (P = 0.02) lower in patients (90.96 ± 41.55 mg/dl) as compared to controls (105.24 ± 26.45 mg/dl). However, after treatment (in 43 patients) there was significant (P <0.001) reduction in the levels of triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (111.56 ± 26.87 mg/dl and 22.30 ± 5.36 mg/dl) when compared to their pretreatment level (154.70 ± 53.89 mg/dl and 30.93 ± 10.84 mg/dl), whereas low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These findings indicate that iron deficiency anemia in Indian adults is attended by abnormal serum lipid profile, which responds significantly to iron therapy.